Journal Title: تابستان 1389
Article title: Synergistic effects of vitamin A and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50HZ) on limb bud development in Balb/c mouse

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Article abstract:
Background and aim: Vitamin A is involved in vertebrate morphogenesis growth cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Vitamin A and its metabolites are essential for adequate embryo development. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been used effectively to treat some diseases such as certain musculoskeletal and chondrogenic disorders. In the present study we aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of EMFs and Vitamin A on limb bud development in Balb/C mice in vivo. Methods: The Balb/C mice were used as experimental model. After mating the pregnant mice were divided randomly into 3 groups as control sham and experimental groups. Control and experimental groups received a single dose injection of Vitamin A (15000IU/Kg) on 10.5th gestational day interaperitonealy. In addition animals in experimental group were exposed to EMFs (50 Hz /100 gauss for 4 h during three days). The animals were killed on the 15.5th day of gestation and were submitted to caesarian section. The obtained fetuses were examined externally with an analyzed under a stereoscopic microscope and were photographed. Data were analyzed statistically by t-test and ANOVA and Ktuskal- Wallis. Results: Morphological and histological examinations showed significant changes in limb buds as compared with sham exposed and control groups. In both fore and hind limb buds significant decrease obtained in proximo-distal (P-D) and anterior posterior (A-P) axes (P
Article KeyWords:
Keywords: Chondrogenesis Electromagnetic field Limb bud Vitamin A.
Article Authors:

	J Baharara	First Author	E-mail:baharara@yahoo.com
	AR Ashraf	Other Author
	M Madadi-Emamchay	Other Author